Artist: Leonardo Da Vinci
Date: 1510
Size: 28 x 20 cm
Museum: Royal Collection (London, United Kingdom)
Technique: Drawing
Recto: two half-length studies of an old man turned in profile to the right, one with the right arm raised, the other with the right arm lowered; showing the muscles of the thorax and the arm; the bones and muscles of a right upper limb. Verso: two studies of the spine; a horizontally placed study of the spine; two detailed studies of vertebrae on a larger scale; numerous notes on the drawings. On the verso of this sheet is one of Leonardo’s greatest scientific drawings, the first accurate depiction of the spine in history, with its curvatures perfectly shown and the cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral and coccygeal sections correctly indicated. To the right is a frontal view of the spine, noting the variations in the sizes of the transverse processes (the spurs of bone to either side of the vertebral bodies). At lower left, alongside a view of the seven cervical vertebrae, Leonardo demonstrates how the first and second (atlas and axis) fit onto the third. Text adapted from Leonardo da Vinci: A life in drawing, London, 2018
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